Complete idea about cancer
Cancer
What is cancer?
The bodies of all the animals in the world are made up of countless tiny cells. These cells die one after the other over a period of time. These old cells are replaced by new ones. Cells normally divide in a controlled and regular way to give birth to new cells. When these cells grow uncontrollably for any reason, lumps or lumps of flesh appear under the skin. This is called a tumor.These tumors can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors are called cancers. In detail, a tissue that grows uncontrollably is called a neoplasia (tumor), and a cell with a similar function is called a neoplastic cell. When neoplastic cells cannot penetrate the surrounding tissue, it is called a benign or benign tumor. Benign tumors are not cancers.When neoplasia is complete, it is called malignant tumor or cancer, and the cells with its uncontrolled differentiation are called cancer cells. Many cancers first start as benign tumors, then some of the cells in them become malignant (i.e., penetrating). However, there is no guarantee that benign tumors will turn into cancer.There are some benign tumor-like disorders that are unlikely to cause cancer - these are called pre-cancer. Benign in name means innocuous, but benign tumors can also damage the surrounding collar with pressure. Metastasis is a stage of cancer in which cancer cells penetrate other tissues and spread to distant tissues through the blood, lymphatic system, etc.
Causes of cancer
Exactly what causes cancer is still uncertain. However, some common causes have been found.
Age
In general, the risk of cancer increases with age, as the body's immune system gradually weakens during this time. As one can see, 80 percent of people with cancer are over the age of 60.
Food and lifestyle
Researchers have found a strong link between diet and lifestyle. For example, smoking or drinking has been linked to cancer of the lungs, mouth and esophagus, and liver. In the same way, there are links between cancer and food like betel nut, jordan, meat, extra salt, sugar etc. People who usually do less physical activity are also more prone to cancer.
Family history
There is also evidence that there is a genetic link with cancer. For this reason, if someone in the family has cancer, the risk of cancer in others is greatly increased.
Environmental and occupational factors
There is a big link between chemicals and cancer. For example, in mesothelioma (a rare type of cancer that affects cells around the lungs and abdomen), 9 out of 10 people are exposed to asbestos metal. In general, those involved in the shipbuilding industry are more likely to come in contact with the metal. This is why the use of this metal is banned in many countries.Similarly, those who work in paint factories, rubber or gas work are exposed to bladder cancer due to exposure to certain chemicals. The use of these chemicals has since been banned in many countries. One of the environmental factors is the sun. Prolonged exposure to the sun increases the risk of skin cancer. There is also a risk of getting various cancers due to radioactivity.
Common symptoms of cancer
Each type of cancer has its own set of signs or symptoms. Here are some common symptoms:
1. Feeling very tired.
2. Decreased appetite
.
3. Wheels or lumps appear anywhere on the body.
4. Chronic cough or sore throat.
5. Changes in bowel movements (diarrhea, constipation or bleeding with stool).
6. Fever, chills or sweating at night.
7. Unusually lose weight.
8. Abnormal bleeding.
9. Seen skin changes.
Cancer treatment
Different types of methods are used to treat cancer :
Surgery
The cancerous cells in and around the area where the cancer is found are surgically removed. This type of treatment is given if the cancer covers a small area and is in the early stages.
Radiotherapy
The cells in that part of the body are destroyed by the application of radioactive rays in a controlled manner.
Chemotherapy
In this system, anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs are used to destroy the cancer cells. There are more than 50 types of chemotherapy drugs. Some of these are taken as tablets or capsules. But in most cases these drugs are given with saline or some other form directly into the blood. Combined with the blood, these drugs try to destroy the cancer cells wherever they are in the body.
Hormone therapy
This is done by changing the levels of certain hormones in the body. Hormones have a relationship with body growth. Some cancers are affected by this hormone. As a result, hormone therapy is used to reduce the growth of cancer cells and bring cancer under control.
Supportive treatment
Physicians are now emphasizing the physical treatment of cancer as well as the mental treatment of patients. Patients go through a lot of emotional distress after being diagnosed with cancer, many of them even break down emotionally. Because of this many times their condition is not more serious but many die quickly. As a result, doctors advise them to provide different types of services and various organizations are also working to provide such services in developed countries.One of these is to form a group of cancer patients, where they can share their experiences among themselves. In addition to this, patients are taught to control their stress through yoga, meditation etc. They are also encouraged to engage in religious or social activities for emotional relief.
Other treatments
Research is now underway to develop such drugs that strengthen the body's immune system. Efforts are also underway to develop a cancer vaccine. But these are still in their infancy.
Cancer prevention
Studies have shown that regular adherence to certain things can greatly reduce the risk of cancer.
Such as:
Exercise and cancer
Exercise regularly every day, such as running, cycling, dancing, walking.
Diet and cancer
Quitting smoking or drinking or reducing the amount. Stop eating betel nut, tobacco. Eat less fatty foods. If possible, stop eating meat or reduce it. Eat plenty of vegetables, fruits and fiber.
Awareness
Wearing sunscreen while going out. See a doctor regularly. If that is not possible, go to the doctor if there is any abnormality in the body. If you are over 50 years of age, you must go to the doctor regularly and get your body examined.
Name source
Hyperplasia = proliferation of cells in the tissue (hyper = more, ~ plasia = more proliferation of cells in the tissue or cellular characteristics)
Tumor (tumor) = swelling (in Greek). In the past, inflammatory swelling was also called a tumor. But now tumor means neoplasia.
(Usually, all tumors have a ~ oma suffix at the end of the name, such as (melanoma, lipoma), and at the beginning, there is an indication of the source of the collar.)
Neoplasia = uncontrolled growing tissue (neo ~ = new)
Hamartoma (Hamartoma = collar cells gain individual localization but cluster rather than cluster the three-dimensional architecture of the collar correctly.
Malignant tumor (malignant) = uncontrollably dividing and penetrating tumor = cancer
Cancer means crab (Sanskrit Cancer). When a malignant tumor pierces the local tissue and expands micrometastasis like many trunks, it looks like a long-legged crab.
Anaplasia = de-differentiation of the collar, meaning that the banana loses its pre-specialized collar feature and behaves like an embryo or pre-collar. Anaplastic cancers are usually more harmful.
Carcinoma = cancer of the epithelium
Sarcoma = cancer of the connective tissue (mesenchyme) source
The type of cancer according to the source of the tissue
Depending on the nature of the tumor, there are several types of cancer:
Carcinoma: Cancer arising from epithelial cells is known as "carcinomas". This type of cancer is one of the most common cancers, especially in older people. Carcinomas mainly occur in the breast, prostate, lungs, pancreas, and colon.
Sarcoma: This type of cancer originates from "connective tissue" (e.g., bones, cartilage, fat, nerves). It grows in mesenchymal cells outside the bone marrow.
Lymphoma and leukemia: These two types of cancer grow from hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells and leave the marrow, respectively, to reach full maturity in the lymph nodes. Leukemia cancer is most common in children.
Germ cell tumor: This is a type of cancer that originates from the pleurisy cell (in this case the early cell
Blastoma: This type of cancer originates from 'precursor' ("precursor") cells or primitive tissue (embryonic tissue). It is more common in children than in adults.
In fact, no cure for cancer has yet been discovered. Different types of treatment methods are used to cure cancer. However, if caught early, the chances of curing the disease are greatly increased. There are more than 200 types of cancer. Every cancer is different and their treatment is different. There is a lot of research being done on cancer and a lot of new information is being found about it.
Types of cancer
Depending on the nature of the tumor, there are several types of cancer:
1.Carcinoma
Lung cancer
normal-lung-and-lung-cancer |
Lung cancer is a type of malignant tumor. There are many types of treatment, but the most important thing is to choose the treatment that is most suitable for the patient. Lung cancer is a deadly disease Lung cancer is the most serious of all respiratory diseases.
Common symptoms of lung cancer:
1. Cough: In two-thirds of patients, cough is seen as an early sign of lung cancer. There may be a dry cough or frequent coughing, excessive coughing with a cough, or a severe cough at night.
2. Bleeding with cough: This is also one of the symptoms of lung cancer and is more common in male patients who smoke. In this case, blood goes with the sputum or saliva and it is seen that there is a recurrent infection in some part of the lungs.
3. Chest pain: This symptom is seen in about 30% of lung cancer patients. Occasionally there is mild chest pain when the tumor is around the lung membrane but if the tumor penetrates the lung membrane then there is persistent chest pain.
4. Fever: Inflammation due to cancer causes fever and body temperature is below 36 degrees. In this case no antibiotics work and fever comes again and again.
5. Chest pain and shortness of breath: Cancer interferes with the breathing process of the lungs.
6. Swelling of the fingers: In this case, the fingers become swollen and there is a pain especially around the ankles and around the nails. Seek medical attention as soon as these symptoms appear to prevent the spread of cancer.
7. Rheumatism: There may be pain in the joints of the body such as knees, elbows, wrists etc. Even pain can make it difficult to move or walk.
Treatment of lung cancer
Lung cancer is a type of malignant tumor. There are many types of treatment, but the most important thing is to choose the treatment that is most suitable for the patient.
What are the treatments for lung cancer?
1. Surgery: Surgery is performed to remove a lung tumor. If the cancer is in the early stages, partial or complete tumor removal can be done through surgery. In many cases, surgery is also performed in the middle stage of cancer. However, in the case of lung cancer, surgery is performed on less than 40% of patients. Surgery is one of the main treatments for lung cancer but the type of surgery depends on the type, shape, location and physical condition of the patient.
2. Radiation therapy: There are two types of radiation therapy, irradiation in cavity, irradiation in vitro. Radiation therapy is given with the help of X-ray machine, cobalt bomb, accelerator etc. The latest addition to the radiation system is the "photon knife" method.
Radiotherapy is also given as a pre- and post-surgery treatment. Radiotherapy is also used in cases where surgery is not possible for squash cell carcinoma.
Radiotherapy can be divided into simple radiotherapy and comprehensive radiotherapy. Simple radiotherapy includes radical radiotherapy and palliative radiotherapy. What type of therapy will be given depends on the patient's physical condition, tumor type, location, etc. Comprehensive radiotherapy involves radiotherapy with surgery and chemotherapy. The effectiveness of these treatments is further enhanced by the combination of these than by a single treatment.
Treatment of advanced-stage lung cancer
Patients with advanced-stage cancer are given chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. along with surgery for primary cancer and metastasis lymph node removal.
The only way to prevent public awareness
Lung cancer is not a bacterial disease. Although there are different types of treatment methods, no cure for this disease has yet been discovered. However, with early treatment, a moderate recovery is possible. Because the disease is not bacterial, scientists have not been able to find a cure. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent this disease by creating public awareness.By creating awareness among the people, efforts should be made to reduce the mortality rate by achieving success in early diagnosis.
One of the major causes of lung cancer is smoking. Therefore, due to the increase in the level of
smoking causes cancer |
smoking among women in recent times, there is a risk of contracting this disease among them at a significant rate.Although smokers are more likely to get this cancer, non-smokers are not completely free of this cancer. In this world of urbanization, black smoke from industrial plants and cars can also cause lung cancer. In addition, various chemicals such as chromium, cadmium, asbestos, etc. can cause the disease. The effect of asbestos on lung cancer is so great that the use of asbestos in the shipbuilding industry has been banned in recent times.In today's developed world, nuclear waste is also considered a major cause of cancer. After the Bhopal or Chernobyl gas tragedy, the number of people suffering from cancer in those areas has increased a lot at present. Inflammatory diseases of the lungs such as tuberculosis and pneumonia can lead to cancer in the affected area of the lungs.
Cancer can develop anywhere in the lungs.The symptoms of this disease are not the same for everyone. Symptoms may include coughing, coughing up coughs or blood, shortness of breath, chest pain, mild fever, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Although lung cancer is not curable, it is preventable. So creating awareness is the main way to prevent this cancer. If smoking can be prevented by creating public awareness, the origin and prevention of this disease can be prevented to a large extent.
Colon cancer
When a tumor in the mucosal epithelium of the rectum turns into a malignant tumor due to various carcinogenic factors such as environmental or hereditary influences, it is called colon or colon cancer. It is usually at the junction of the rectum and anus. It ranks second among gastric, esophageal and colon cancers in terms of potential.This cancer is more common in patients aged 40-50 years. And a 15% chance of developing colon cancer under the age of 40. The ratio of males to females is 2: 1.
Causes of colon cancer
1. Diet: Eating more fatty foods and less fibrous foods can cause cancer.
2. Hereditary effects: If someone in the family has had this cancer in the past, there is a risk of others getting it.
3. Colon Polyps: Polyps grow on the lining of the rectum or rectum, which is initially a benign tumor but can later become malignant.
4. Ulcer Inflammation: People with ulcerative colitis are 30 times more likely to develop this cancer than others.
Colon cancer is usually who
1. If someone in the family has a history of polyposis, others may have colon cancer.
2. If someone's parents, siblings have this cancer, it can also happen to him.
3. Suffering from chronic ulcer pain is more likely to cause this cancer.
4. Chronic diarrhea and constipation can also cause this cancer.
What are the symptoms of colon cancer?
1. If red or dark red blood is seen in the toilet.
2. Pain or bloating, digestive problems and loss of appetite.
3. Any changes in the bowel such as constipation, frequent bowel movements and even diarrhea.
4. If there is more than normal toilet.
5. Rectal sores or persistent abdominal pain.
6. Various diseases caused by the liver such as jaundice, accumulation of water in the liver, etc.
How is colon cancer diagnosed?
1. Digital rectal exam: In this case, the doctor examines the anal canal by hand to see if there is any flesh.
2. Fecal Premature Blood Test: In this method, if there is blood in the stool, it is checked to see if there are any cancer cells. If no cancer is found after many tests, then it is necessary to understand which organ is involved in the process of digestion and in this case another test should be done quickly.
3. X-ray test: The presence of colon in the organs involved in the process of digestion. It is also known whether there are multiple polyps or multiple center points of cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This test is done if blood is seen in the stool, changes in the stool are noticed and positive results are obtained after digital rectal exam. This test is done to see if there is any lesion in the rectum and if any lesion is found, biopsy is done with the tissue of that part.
5. Ultrasonography, C.T. Scans, MRIs: Although these do not directly detect cancer, they can diagnose the source, center, shape, etc. of the cancer.
Different stages of colon cancer
Stage 0: At this stage, abnormal changes are observed in the adjacent tissues of the anus. It is also called the early stage of cancer.
Stage 1: In this stage, the cancer penetrates the surface of the anus and enters the second stage.
Stage 2: In this stage, the cancer reaches the rectal muscles but does not reach the lymph nodes.
Stage 3: At this stage the cancer reaches the lymph nodes but does not reach other parts of the body.
Stage 4: In this stage the cancer spreads to other parts like liver, lungs, uterus, abdominal membranes etc.
Recurrence: Recurrence of colon cancer may occur again after treatment.
What are the treatments for colon cancer?
1. Surgery: This is a very common treatment for colon cancer that is performed in patients with early stage cancer. Through this, some part of the anus or the whole anus is cut off.
2. Radiation therapy: It is usually given after surgery so that the cancer cells are completely destroyed.
3. Chemotherapy: It is also given after surgery to completely destroy cancer cells and prevent recurrence.
4. Biological Immunotherapy: It is a pain and complication free therapy that eliminates the side effects caused by radiotherapy as well as strengthens the body's immune system.
What care should the patient take after the operation?
1. Clothing: Very light and comfortable clothing should be worn and extra care should be taken when using belts.
2. Bath: The patient can be bathed after the wound has completely healed.
3. Diet: The patient should eat fresh fruits and vegetables along with nutritious food.
4. Exercise Need to do the necessary exercises to increase cold tolerance and normalize the body.
5. Psychological help to keep the patient free from frustration and anxiety and to make him smile and happy all the time.
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women worldwide. Generally, people over the age of 50 have a higher risk of getting this cancer. Not only do women get breast cancer, but men also have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. The rate of cancer is constantly increasing. However, the hope is that 90% of breast cancer patients can survive for 5 years or more if breast cancer is detected at an early stage and with regular proper treatment.
What is breast cancer?
Breast cancer is caused when some breast cells grow abnormally. Women have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than men.
Those with a higher risk of breast cancer:
- Women have a higher risk of breast cancer than men.
- Women over 50 years of age.
- If one has breast cancer, the other can also be affected.
- If the mother, sister or daughter has breast cancer.
- Due to genes.
- From radiation exposure.
- If abnormally thick.
- If menstruation at a young age.
- Menopause at an older age (Menopause).
- If you take the first child at an older age.
- Women who take hormone therapy.
- If you drink alcohol.
Common causes of breast cancer:
Although there is no specific cause for breast cancer, there are some ideas for it in daily life.
1. Using the wrong size bra: Use the right size bra according to the size of the breast. Because otherwise, it can increase your risk of breast cancer a lot. Breasts larger than the size of the breast may not support the breast tissue properly and extra small or tight bras may cut off the fluid-carrying lymph nodes of the breast.
2. Wearing braces all the time: Wearing braces all the time causes difficulty in sweating, accumulation of moisture, all together increases the risk of breast cancer. Try not to use a bra while at home.
3. Buying deodorant without looking at the label: Nowadays, almost everyone, whether working women or students, stay out all day and use deodorant to avoid the stench of sweat! It does not have to be embarrassed in front of anyone else because of the smell of sweat as it maintains its fresh feeling.
But when buying this deodorant, keep in mind the ingredients. Aluminum-based ingredients increase the risk of breast cancer. Since you use deodorant every day, find out from a skin specialist before deciding which company's product to use.
4. Use of naphthalene: We use naphthalene to protect the clothes in the cupboard from insects. Many also leave a few in the sink of the basin to avoid the stench of the bathroom. But it is made entirely of harmful chemicals, which not only keep insects 100 miles away, but also increase your risk of breast cancer many times over. Instead, dry the neem leaves and wrap them in paper. Get the same benefits.
Symptoms of breast cancer:
1. Feeling a lump or lump in the breast or armpit. Many women have these symptoms during the menstrual cycle and it goes away after the menstrual cycle, there is nothing to be afraid of, but if these symptoms persist, it is necessary to check. Such wheels or lumps caused by breast cancer do not usually feel any pain, but there may be a feeling of stinging.
2. Swelling under the hands, i.e. somewhere in the armpits, without any specific reason.
3. Feeling of redness or pain somewhere in the breast.
4. Going to give any part of the breast in an unusual way.
5. Variations in breast size, color, skin smoothness, or temperature may be observed. A reddish tinge to the skin of the breast and unevenness like the peel of an orange lemon are symptoms of advanced breast cancer. If such symptoms occur, it is necessary to consult a cancer specialist without delay.
6. Some special changes are observed in the nipple, such as nipple discharge, itching, burning, dandruff or the presence of sores or sores.
7. Abnormal discharge from the nipple. In this case, there may be a discharge from the nipple of a clean, bloody or food-colored thin or sticky liquid.
8. Feeling any kind of cocoon under the skin.
9. Any changes in the breast that are apparently abnormal.
Breast Cancer Remedies:
Since no specific cause of this disease is known yet, no specific way to avoid this disease can be said. However, some issues may be advised to comply. Which is quite fruitful.
1. Check your breasts yourself from the age of 20.
2. Try to give birth to your first child by the age of 30.
3. Feed the baby breast milk.
4. Avoid fatty foods when eating out.
5. Make it a habit to eat more fruits and vegetables.
6. Try to eat more fruits like Vitamin A and C.
7. Eat more foods that contain beta carotenes, such as carrots, sweet potatoes and greens. Exercise regularly.
8. Those who are overweight must lose weight.
9. Consult a psychotherapist if you have mental stress.
10. Adhere to religious practice.
11. Maintain morality and discipline in life.
12. Avoid smoking and alcohol.
13. Have mammography if there is a risk factor.
14. If in doubt, seek the help of a cancer surgeon.
Treatment of breast cancer:
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in cancer. Its proportion among different malignant tumors is 10% which is a serious threat to women's health. Breast cancer attacks women lose confidence in life and work which is the most difficult time for their family.How breast cancer patients should be reviewed becomes a major problem for patients and their families. Bioimmunotherapy is the most useful method for breast cancer patients, according to experts from Modern Cancer Hospital Guangzhou.
Common treatment methods for breast cancer:
Notable among the most common medical procedures for breast cancer are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgery is the main procedure for breast cancer patients in the early stages. Through this the patient is healed by destroying the cancer cells. But the operation has some limitations of its own. First, some normal tissue has to be removed during cancer cell excision for terminal breast cancer or debilitated patients.Second, small tumors cannot be surgically removed and there is a risk of recurrence and infection. Thus, it should be re-checked up after the operation.
Radiotherapy is not only the main method in the treatment of breast cancer, it is one of the local treatment methods. Radiotherapy is not as effective in the patient's body as in surgery, although its therapeutic efficacy is determined by biological rays.At present, tumors cannot be completely eradicated with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is less effective than surgical treatment. Biological immunotherapy is usually combined with radiotherapy to reduce its side effects and complications, which can lead to partial damage.
Chemotherapy in radiotherapy is a systemic treatment that has strong side effects. Chemotherapy can damage the hematopoietic system of the bone marrow resulting in decreased WBCs and platelets.Clinically, biological immunotherapy can reduce the disadvantages of chemotherapy by reducing damage to the hematopoietic system.
Biological immunotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer:
Biological immunotherapy is not the only modern technology in the treatment of tumors.It is a much more advanced and widely used technology than surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Biological immunotherapy can directly destroy tumor cells, prevent metastasis, recurrence, and improve quality of life. ) Which helps to identify and destroy tumor cells. Tumor cells are then destroyed by re-entering the patient's body and increasing their immunity.
Meanwhile, combination of medical bioimmunotherapy technology, modern surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have strong effects on cancer treatment. Which not only removes the remaining small wound but also prevents its recurrence and tumor migration. As a result the patient's ability to resist disease increases and heals faster.
At present, biological immunotherapy is acceptable to tumor patients without any trauma or side effects and with good results. It is considered to be the most active and promising therapy in all breast cancer treatment methods but its effectiveness is to increase the quality of life.
Prostate cancer
Cancer of the prostate gland in men is called prostate cancer. The incidence of this cancer is much higher in men. The risk of this cancer usually increases in men over the age of 50.
Only men have prostate glands. Its size is much the same as almonds.This gland exists around the urethra from the bottom of the bladder. Urine and semen flow through it. The main function of this gland is to make some fluid for semen. The semen that is ejaculated during sexual intercourse is actually a mixture of sperm and this fluid.
Prostate problems
If the prostate becomes enlarged for any reason, the mouth of the urethra becomes constricted. As a result, there is a problem in passing urine. There are three common types of prostate problems: normal enlargement (BPH), inflammation of the prostate (also called prostatitis) and prostate cancer. The symptoms are usually the same in all of these cases:
- Frequent urination is required, especially at night.
- Getting too fast urinating, even occasionally urinating before going to the bathroom.
- Having trouble urinating.
- It takes a long time to urinate.
- Urine does not have velocity.
- Feeling that there is urine in the bladder after urinating.
There are also occasional symptoms:
- Pain when urinating.
- Pain during ejaculation.
- Pain in the testicles.
If you have one or more of these signs or symptoms, you should contact your doctor to determine the cause of the problem.
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is very common in men. Cancer can occur when the cells in the prostate gland begin to grow uncontrollably. Men are generally at higher risk of developing prostate cancer after the age of 50. Prostate cancer can occur at a younger age, but it is not common.As you grow older, your risk of developing prostate cancer increases. Even if someone in the family (brother or father) has prostate cancer, the risk increases a lot.
Prostate cancer may have more symptoms than the ones mentioned earlier:
- Pain in the lower back.
- Problems with erection.
- New pain in or around the buttocks.
- Bleeding with semen or urine - but rarely.
- A type of body test called DRE.
- Blood and urine tests.
- Euroflowmetry or urine flow test.
- Ultrasound scan. This will test how much you can empty the bladder.
- Acute leukemia - a rapid increase in the number of immature blood cells. As a result, the bone marrow cannot produce full blood cells. Acute leukemia should be treated promptly because of the rapid proliferation of malignant cells and the spread of blood to other parts of the body. This is the most common type of leukemia in children.
- Chronic leukemia almost complete, but abnormal increase in white blood cell count. Cells tend to grow at a much higher rate than normal, resulting in an increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells. It takes about months to years to get to this stage.
- In lymphocytic leukemia, there is a malignant change in a type of marrow cell that produces lymph.
- In myelgeneous leukemia, a type of malignant change occurs in the marrow cells that produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and microglia.
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is most common in children. It is also more common in adults, especially those aged 65 or over. They are given chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is more common in people over the age of 55. It can occur in younger people, but almost never in children. Two-thirds of those infected are men. 5 year survival rate 75%. It is incurable, but there are some effective treatments.
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mainly affects adults, rarely children, most of whom are women. It is treated with chemotherapy, a five-year survival rate of 40%, with the exception of acute promyelectic leukemia, which is above 90%.
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurs mainly in adults, rarely in children. 5 year survival rate 90%.
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